【原创】源码安装多版本odoo（含odoo12.0、13.0、14.0、15.0、16.0、17.0、18.0）
思路：
前提基于ubuntu22，并且预先配好中国大陆ubuntu安装源：
参考：https://linuxmirrors.cn/use/

一、在ubunt安装好odoo的运行环境依赖：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y python3-pip
sudo apt install git python3-pip build-essential wget python3-dev python3-venv \
    python3-wheel libfreetype6-dev libxml2-dev libzip-dev libldap2-dev libsasl2-dev \
    python3-setuptools node-less libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev libpq-dev \
    libxslt1-dev libldap2-dev libtiff5-dev libjpeg8-dev libopenjp2-7-dev \
    liblcms2-dev libwebp-dev libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev libxcb1-dev

二、Python 依赖安装好之后，还需要安装一些前端所需的npm依赖包：

sudo apt-get install -y npm
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/nodejs /usr/bin/node

这里如果npm依赖包的安装很慢，请更换淘宝最新的npm源：设置命令如下：

sudo npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
sudo npm install -g less less-plugin-clean-css
sudo apt-get install -y node-less

三、安装PostgreSQL数据库：用UBUNTU自带的DEB包直接安装的：

sudo apt-get install postgresql

安装完使用以下命令把PG数据库启动：

sudo systemctl start postgresql

查看一下状态：

sudo systemctl status postgresql

设置PG数据库开机自动启动：

sudo systemctl enable postgresql

试这条命令登陆进pgsql：

sudo -u postgres psql

分别给odoo12.0、13.0、14.0、15.0、16.0、17.0、18.0各版本单独创建账户：

创建数据库用户：

sudo su - postgres -c "createuser -s odoo12"
sudo su - postgres -c "createuser -s odoo13"
sudo su - postgres -c "createuser -s odoo14"
sudo su - postgres -c "createuser -s odoo15"
sudo su - postgres -c "createuser -s odoo16"
sudo su - postgres -c "createuser -s odoo17"
sudo su - postgres -c "createuser -s odoo18"
sudo -u postgres psql
ALTER USER odoo12 WITH SUPERUSER;
ALTER USER odoo13 WITH SUPERUSER;
ALTER USER odoo14 WITH SUPERUSER;
ALTER USER odoo15 WITH SUPERUSER;
ALTER USER odoo16 WITH SUPERUSER;
ALTER USER odoo17 WITH SUPERUSER;
ALTER USER odoo18 WITH SUPERUSER;
\q
exit

四、创建odoo专用的ubuntu账号，用于运行odoo

-r创建一个系统用户，-m自动创建用户的主目录，-d /opt/odoo指定用户的主目录路径为/opt/odoo，-s /bin/bash指定用户的登陆shell为bash，最末尾的odoo15是要创建的用户名：

sudo useradd -r -m -d /opt/odoo -s /bin/bash odoo15
sudo usermod -aG odoo odoo15

为创建的用户帐户设置密码

sudo passwd odoo12
sudo passwd odoo13
sudo passwd odoo14
sudo passwd odoo15
sudo passwd odoo16
sudo passwd odoo17
sudo passwd odoo18

五、使用python venv环境来运行各版本odoo，当某个版本的Odoo要使用其它python包时不冲突。

sudo su - odoo12
cd /opt/odoo/
python3 -m venv odoo12-venv
source odoo12-venv/bin/activate

sudo su - odoo13
cd /opt/odoo/
python3 -m venv odoo13-venv
source odoo13-venv/bin/activate

sudo su - odoo14
cd /opt/odoo/
python3 -m venv odoo14-venv
source odoo14-venv/bin/activate

sudo su - odoo15
cd /opt/odoo/
python3 -m venv odoo15-venv
source odoo15-venv/bin/activate

sudo su - odoo16
cd /opt/odoo/
python3 -m venv odoo16-venv
source odoo16-venv/bin/activate

sudo su - odoo17
cd /opt/odoo/
python3 -m venv odoo17-venv
source odoo17-venv/bin/activate

sudo su - odoo18
cd /opt/odoo/
python3 -m venv odoo18-venv
source odoo18-venv/bin/activate

这里pip的install速度太慢了，先切到清华源（阿里的源好像有点问题）：

先把pip3切换到清华源/阿里源：

mkdir ~/.pip

vi ~/.pip/pip.conf

然后将下面这两行复制进去就好了

[global]
 
timeout = 6000
 
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
 
[install]
 
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

再运行下边命令，速度就很快了：

python -m pip install --upgrade pip

接着安装odoo源码带的requirements.txt依赖运行环境：

pip install wheel
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install setuptools --upgrade

pip3 install -r /opt/odoo/odoo12-source/requirements.txt
pip3 install -r /opt/odoo/odoo13-source/requirements.txt
pip3 install -r /opt/odoo/odoo14-source/requirements.txt
pip3 install -r /opt/odoo/odoo15-source/requirements.txt
pip3 install -r /opt/odoo/odoo16-source/requirements.txt
pip3 install -r /opt/odoo/odoo17-source/requirements.txt
pip3 install -r /opt/odoo/odoo18-source/requirements.txt

成功安装后，停用python venv虚拟环境，

$deactivate
$exit

创建Odoo各版本的日志文件：

sudo touch /var/log/odoo/odoo12.log
sudo touch /var/log/odoo/odoo13.log
sudo touch /var/log/odoo/odoo14.log
sudo touch /var/log/odoo/odoo15.log
sudo touch /var/log/odoo/odoo16.log
sudo touch /var/log/odoo/odoo17.log
sudo touch /var/log/odoo/odoo18.log

将 /opt/odoo/ 目录及其所有内容（包括子目录和文件），以及 /var/log/odoo/odoo12.log 文件的所有权更改为 odoo12 用户和 odoo 组。：

sudo chown -R odoo12:odoo /opt/odoo/odoo12-source/ /var/log/odoo/odoo12.log
sudo chown -R odoo13:odoo /opt/odoo/odoo13-source/ /var/log/odoo/odoo13.log
sudo chown -R odoo14:odoo /opt/odoo/odoo14-source/ /var/log/odoo/odoo14.log
sudo chown -R odoo15:odoo /opt/odoo/odoo15-source/ /var/log/odoo/odoo15.log
sudo chown -R odoo16:odoo /opt/odoo/odoo16-source/ /var/log/odoo/odoo16.log
sudo chown -R odoo17:odoo /opt/odoo/odoo17-source/ /var/log/odoo/odoo17.log
sudo chown -R odoo18:odoo /opt/odoo/odoo18-source/ /var/log/odoo/odoo18.log

六、安装Wkhtmltopdf用于odoo打印PDF，而且很怪的，只能用0.12.5这个版本：

直接安装

sudo apt install wkhtmltopdf

或者下载安装后补全依赖

cd /tmp && sudo wget https://github.com/wkhtmltopdf/wkhtmltopdf/releases/download/0.12.5/wkhtmltox_0.12.5-1.bionic_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i wkhtmltox_0.12.5-1.bionic_amd64.deb
sudo apt install -f

七、下载odoo源码，并创建odoo的conf系统配置文件：

下载自行想办法，用git clone也行，用迅雷拉包回来也行，各显神通：
分别配置odoo各版本的odoo.conf：
先在/etc目录下创建一个odoo文件夹：

sudo mkdir /etc/odoo/

顺便将odoo-bin给克隆出来：

sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo12-source/setup/odoo /opt/odoo/odoo12-source/odoo-bin
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo13-source/setup/odoo /opt/odoo/odoo13-source/odoo-bin
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo14-source/setup/odoo /opt/odoo/odoo14-source/odoo-bin
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo15-source/setup/odoo /opt/odoo/odoo15-source/odoo-bin
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo16-source/setup/odoo /opt/odoo/odoo16-source/odoo-bin
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo17-source/setup/odoo /opt/odoo/odoo17-source/odoo-bin
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo18-source/setup/odoo /opt/odoo/odoo18-source/odoo-bin

再创建odoo.conf：

sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo12-source/debian/odoo.conf /etc/odoo/odoo12.conf
sudo nano /etc/odoo/odoo12.conf
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo13-source/debian/odoo.conf /etc/odoo/odoo13.conf
sudo nano /etc/odoo/odoo13.conf
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo14-source/debian/odoo.conf /etc/odoo/odoo14.conf
sudo nano /etc/odoo/odoo14.conf
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo15-source/debian/odoo.conf /etc/odoo/odoo15.conf
sudo nano /etc/odoo/odoo15.conf
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo16-source/debian/odoo.conf /etc/odoo/odoo16.conf
sudo nano /etc/odoo/odoo16.conf
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo17-source/debian/odoo.conf /etc/odoo/odoo17.conf
sudo nano /etc/odoo/odoo17.conf
sudo cp /opt/odoo/odoo18-source/debian/odoo.conf /etc/odoo/odoo18.conf
sudo nano /etc/odoo/odoo18.conf

增加admin账套超级管理员密码，增加各版本不同的端口号：

Odoo12的conf配置：

[options]
   ; This is the password that allows database operations:
   admin_passwd = admin
   http_port = 8029
   db_host = False
   db_port = False
   db_user = odoo12
   db_password = False
   addons_path = /opt/odoo/odoo12-source/odoo/addons
   logfile = /var/log/odoo/odoo12.log

Odoo13的conf配置：

[options]
   ; This is the password that allows database operations:
   admin_passwd = admin
   http_port = 8039
   db_host = False
   db_port = False
   db_user = odoo13
   db_password = False
   addons_path = /opt/odoo/odoo13-source/odoo/addons
   logfile = /var/log/odoo/odoo13.log

Odoo14的conf配置：

[options]
   ; This is the password that allows database operations:
   admin_passwd = admin
   http_port = 8049
   db_host = False
   db_port = False
   db_user = odoo14
   db_password = False
   addons_path = /opt/odoo/odoo14-source/odoo/addons
   logfile = /var/log/odoo/odoo14.log

Odoo15的conf配置：

[options]
   ; This is the password that allows database operations:
   admin_passwd = admin
   http_port = 8059
   db_host = False
   db_port = False
   db_user = odoo15
   db_password = False
   addons_path = /opt/odoo/odoo15-source/odoo/addons
   logfile = /var/log/odoo/odoo15.log

Odoo16的conf配置：

[options]
   ; This is the password that allows database operations:
   admin_passwd = admin
   http_port = 8069
   db_host = False
   db_port = False
   db_user = odoo16
   db_password = False
   addons_path = /opt/odoo/odoo16-source/odoo/addons
   logfile = /var/log/odoo/odoo16.log

Odoo17的conf配置：

[options]
   ; This is the password that allows database operations:
   admin_passwd = admin
   http_port = 8079
   db_host = False
   db_port = False
   db_user = odoo17
   db_password = False
   addons_path = /opt/odoo/odoo17-source/odoo/addons
   logfile = /var/log/odoo/odoo17.log

Odoo18的conf配置：

[options]
   ; This is the password that allows database operations:
   admin_passwd = admin
   http_port = 8089
   db_host = False
   db_port = False
   db_user = odoo18
   db_password = False
   addons_path = /opt/odoo/odoo18-source/odoo/addons
   logfile = /var/log/odoo/odoo18.log

更改权限

sudo chown odoo12: /etc/odoo/odoo12.conf
sudo chmod 640 /etc/odoo/odoo12.conf

sudo chown odoo13: /etc/odoo/odoo13.conf
sudo chmod 640 /etc/odoo/odoo13.conf

sudo chown odoo14: /etc/odoo/odoo14.conf
sudo chmod 640 /etc/odoo/odoo14.conf

sudo chown odoo15: /etc/odoo/odoo15.conf
sudo chmod 640 /etc/odoo/odoo15.conf

sudo chown odoo16: /etc/odoo/odoo16.conf
sudo chmod 640 /etc/odoo/odoo16.conf

sudo chown odoo17: /etc/odoo/odoo17.conf
sudo chmod 640 /etc/odoo/odoo17.conf

sudo chown odoo18: /etc/odoo/odoo18.conf
sudo chmod 640 /etc/odoo/odoo18.conf

八、创建odoo的开机自启动服务：

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/odoo12.service
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/odoo13.service
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/odoo14.service
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/odoo15.service
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/odoo16.service
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/odoo17.service
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/odoo18.service

添加odoo的开机自启动服务内容

Odoo12的开机自启动服务配置文件：

[Unit]
Description=odoo12
Documentation=odoo12-https://www.odoo123.com
[Service]
# Ubuntu/Debian convention:
Type=simple
User=odoo12
#ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo12-source/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo12.conf
ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo12-venv/bin/python3 /opt/odoo/odoo12-source/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo/odoo12.conf
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

Odoo13的开机自启动服务配置文件：

[Unit]
Description=odoo13
Documentation=odoo13-https://www.odoo123.com
[Service]
# Ubuntu/Debian convention:
Type=simple
User=odoo13
#ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo13/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo13.conf
ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo13-venv/bin/python3 /opt/odoo/odoo13-source/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo/odoo13.conf
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

Odoo14的开机自启动服务配置文件：

[Unit]
Description=odoo14
Documentation=odoo14-https://www.odoo123.com
[Service]
# Ubuntu/Debian convention:
Type=simple
User=odoo14
#ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo14/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo14.conf
ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo14-venv/bin/python3 /opt/odoo/odoo14-source/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo/odoo14.conf
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

Odoo15的开机自启动服务配置文件：

[Unit]
Description=odoo15
Documentation=odoo15-https://www.odoo123.com
[Service]
# Ubuntu/Debian convention:
Type=simple
User=odoo15
#ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo15/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo15.conf
ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo15-venv/bin/python3 /opt/odoo/odoo15-source/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo/odoo15.conf
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

Odoo16的开机自启动服务配置文件：

[Unit]
Description=odoo16
Documentation=odoo16-https://www.odoo123.com
[Service]
# Ubuntu/Debian convention:
Type=simple
User=odoo16
#ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo16/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo16.conf
ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo16-venv/bin/python3 /opt/odoo/odoo16-source/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo/odoo16.conf
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

Odoo17的开机自启动服务配置文件：

[Unit]
Description=odoo17
Documentation=odoo17-https://www.odoo123.com
[Service]
# Ubuntu/Debian convention:
Type=simple
User=odoo17
#ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo17/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo17.conf
ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo17-venv/bin/python3 /opt/odoo/odoo17-source/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo/odoo17.conf
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

Odoo18的开机自启动服务配置文件：

[Unit]
Description=odoo18
Documentation=odoo18-https://www.odoo123.com
[Service]
# Ubuntu/Debian convention:
Type=simple
User=odoo18
#ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo18/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo18.conf
ExecStart=/opt/odoo/odoo18-venv/bin/python3 /opt/odoo/odoo18-source/odoo-bin -c /etc/odoo/odoo18.conf
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target

调整权限

sudo chmod 755 /etc/systemd/system/odoo12.service && sudo chown root: /etc/systemd/system/odoo12.service
sudo chmod 755 /etc/systemd/system/odoo13.service && sudo chown root: /etc/systemd/system/odoo13.service
sudo chmod 755 /etc/systemd/system/odoo14.service && sudo chown root: /etc/systemd/system/odoo14.service
sudo chmod 755 /etc/systemd/system/odoo15.service && sudo chown root: /etc/systemd/system/odoo15.service
sudo chmod 755 /etc/systemd/system/odoo16.service && sudo chown root: /etc/systemd/system/odoo16.service
sudo chmod 755 /etc/systemd/system/odoo17.service && sudo chown root: /etc/systemd/system/odoo17.service
sudo chmod 755 /etc/systemd/system/odoo18.service && sudo chown root: /etc/systemd/system/odoo18.service

查看odoo的log日志的方法：

sudo tail -f /var/log/odoo/odoo12.log

重新加载系统服务：

sudo systemctl daemon-reload

启动创建的odoo服务。
odoo12的：

sudo systemctl start odoo12
sudo systemctl restart odoo12
sudo systemctl enable odoo12

odoo13的：

sudo systemctl start odoo13
sudo systemctl restart odoo13
sudo systemctl enable odoo13

odoo14的：

sudo systemctl start odoo14
sudo systemctl restart odoo14
sudo systemctl enable odoo14

odoo15的：

sudo systemctl start odoo15
sudo systemctl restart odoo15
sudo systemctl enable odoo5

odoo16的：

sudo systemctl start odoo16
sudo systemctl restart odoo16
sudo systemctl enable odoo16

odoo17的：

sudo systemctl start odoo17
sudo systemctl restart odoo17
sudo systemctl enable odoo17

odoo18的：

sudo systemctl start odoo18
sudo systemctl restart odoo18
sudo systemctl enable odoo18

使它在启动时启动。

$ sudo systemctl enable odoo12
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/odoo.service → /etc/systemd/system/odoo12.service.

确认Odoo服务是否设置为在启动时启动。

$ systemctl is-enabled odoo12
enabled

检查是否正在运行。

$ systemctl status odoo12

全文完毕。